Номер 2, страница 99, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

2. a. Read the passage and say what stress is and how the body reacts to stress.

What is stress?

If you feel there is too much pressure on you, lose sleep and worry about tests and schoolwork, you're not alone. Everyone experiences stress at times. Stress is the body's way to react to a challenge and prepare to meet a difficult situation with strength. The human body responds to stress by activating the nervous system and specific hormones. These hormones speed up heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. All these prepare a person to react quickly and to handle the problem. This reaction is known as the stress response. It increases a person's ability to perform well under pressure. However, it can also cause problems.

b. Read the passage and complete the following sentences.

Good stress is... It helps...

Long-term stress is dangerous because ...

Good stress and bad stress

The stress response is critical in emergency situations, such as when a driver has to do something to avoid an accident. It can also be activated when the pressure is on, but there is no actual danger — like taking an exam. A little of this stress can help keep you on your toes. And the nervous system quickly returns to its normal state. But long-term stressful situations can produce a lasting, low-level stress that's hard on people. If the pressure is long-lasting, the body continues to pump out extra stress hormones over a long period. This seriously weakens the immune system.

c. Discuss with your partner whether the following sentences are true or false. Then read the passage and check your predictions.

1. Feeling a little stress about a test can motivate you to study hard.

2. Being stressed helps you concentrate on the material you need to learn.

3. Stress is caused by many things like relationship stress, problems with schoolwork, being bullied or exposed to violence or injury.

4. Some stressful situations can be extreme and may require special attention and care.

What causes stress overload?

Although stress can be a good thing, too much stress isn't good for anyone. For example, feeling a little stress about a test can motivate you to study hard. But stressing out too much over the test can make it hard to concentrate on the material you need to learn. Pressures that are too strong or last too long can cause people to feel stress overload. Here are some of the things that can influence the body's ability to cope, if they continue for a long time: being bullied or exposed to violence or injury; relationship stress, family conflicts, or the heavy emotions that can accompany a broken heart or the death of a loved one; problems with schoolwork; not having enough time to rest and relax. Some stressful situations can be extreme and may require special attention and care.

d. Look at the list of stressful situations in the previous passage and say which ones you find most stressful and why.

e. Discuss with your partner what the signs of stress might be.

f. Read the passage and divide stress signs into two groups: the signs you expected and did not expect to cause stress.

Signs of stress overload

People who are experiencing stress overload may notice some of the following signs: panic attacks; a feeling of being constantly pressured and hurried; physical symptoms, such as stomach problems, headaches, or even chest pain; allergic reactions; problems with sleeping; overreacting; sadness or depression. Everyone experiences stress a little differently. Some people become angry and act out their stress or take it out on others. Some people can develop eating disorders or similar problems. And some people who have a chronic illness may find that the symptoms of their illness become stronger under an overload of stress.

g. Moving activity “Showing emotions”.

2. a. Прочитайте отрывок и скажите, что такое стресс и как организм на него реагирует.

Ответ: Stress is the body's way to react to a challenge and prepare to meet a difficult situation with strength. The human body responds to stress by activating the nervous system and specific hormones. These hormones speed up heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

Перевод: Стресс — это способ организма отреагировать на вызов и подготовиться к встрече с трудной ситуацией с силой. Человеческий организм реагирует на стресс, активируя нервную систему и определённые гормоны. Эти гормоны ускоряют сердцебиение, частоту дыхания, кровяное давление и метаболизм.

2. b. Прочитайте отрывок и завершите следующие предложения.

Ответ:

Good stress is... critical in emergency situations or when the pressure is on, but there is no actual danger.

It helps... to keep you on your toes and increases a person's ability to perform well under pressure.

Long-term stress is dangerous because... the body continues to pump out extra stress hormones over a long period, which seriously weakens the immune system.

Перевод:

Хороший стресс это... тот, что важен в чрезвычайных ситуациях или когда вы находитесь под давлением, но нет реальной опасности.

Он помогает... быть начеку и повышает способность человека хорошо работать в условиях стресса.

Длительный стресс опасен, потому что... организм продолжает вырабатывать дополнительные гормоны стресса в течение длительного периода, что серьезно ослабляет иммунную систему.

2. c. Обсудите с вашим партнером, являются ли следующие предложения истинными или ложными. Затем прочитайте отрывок и проверьте свои предположения.

Ответ:

1. True.

2. False.

3. True.

4. True.

Перевод:

1. Истина.

2. Ложь.

3. Истина.

4. Истина.

2. d. Посмотрите на список стрессовых ситуаций в предыдущем отрывке и скажите, какие из них вы считаете наиболее стрессовыми и почему.

Ответ: This question requires a personal opinion. The stressful situations listed in the passage are: being bullied or exposed to violence or injury; relationship stress, family conflicts, or the heavy emotions that can accompany a broken heart or the death of a loved one; problems with schoolwork; not having enough time to rest and relax.

Перевод: Этот вопрос требует личного мнения. В отрывке перечислены следующие стрессовые ситуации: издевательства или подверженность насилию или травмам; стресс в отношениях, семейные конфликты или сильные эмоции, которые могут сопровождать разбитое сердце или смерть близкого человека; проблемы с учебой; недостаток времени для отдыха и расслабления.

2. e. Обсудите с вашим партнером, какими могут быть признаки стресса.

Ответ: The signs of stress overload mentioned in the text are: panic attacks; a feeling of being constantly pressured and hurried; physical symptoms, such as stomach problems, headaches, or even chest pain; allergic reactions; problems with sleeping; overreacting; sadness or depression; becoming angry and acting out; developing eating disorders; and worsening of chronic illnesses.

Перевод: Признаки перегрузки стрессом, упомянутые в тексте: панические атаки; чувство постоянного давления и спешки; физические симптомы, такие как проблемы с желудком, головные боли или даже боль в груди; аллергические реакции; проблемы со сном; чрезмерная реакция; грусть или депрессия; проявление гнева и агрессивное поведение; развитие расстройств пищевого поведения; и усиление симптомов хронических заболеваний.

2. f. Прочитайте отрывок и разделите признаки стресса на две группы: признаки, которые вы ожидали, и те, которые не ожидали, что будут вызваны стрессом.

Ответ: This answer depends on personal expectations. Here is an example categorization of the stress signs from the text:

Перевод: Этот ответ зависит от личных ожиданий. Вот пример классификации признаков стресса из текста: