Номер 3, страница 93, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

3. a. Read the text and check whether it mentions what you've just said.

Hygiene is a medical concept related to most aspects of our living. It helps to prevent or reduce the spreading of disease.

Medical hygiene practices include: isolation or quarantine of infectious people or materials to prevent spread of infection; sterilisation of instruments used by surgeons and dentists; use of protective clothing, such as masks, caps, gloves; proper bandaging of injuries; disinfection; hand-washing. Antiseptics may be applied to cuts and wounds to prevent the entry of harmful bacteria that can cause sepsis. Day-to-day hygiene practices, other than special medical hygiene procedures are very similar.

Home hygiene helps to prevent or minimise disease and the spreading of disease in home, public transport, the work place and other public places. It includes hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, food and water hygiene, general home hygiene, care of pets. Preventing the spread of infectious diseases means breaking the chain of infection transmission. If the chain is broken, infection cannot spread. Applying hygiene procedures helps to break the chain of infection.

The main sources of infection in the home are people, foods, water, and domestic animals. Additionally, sinks, toilets, cleaning tools, towels readily support microbial growth. Potentially infectious bacteria, viruses are everywhere. Thus, when circumstances combine, people become exposed, either directly or through food or water, and can develop an infection. The main “highways” for spreading bacteria in the home are the hands, hand and food contact surfaces, and cleaning cloths and utensils. Toilets and wash basins were invented for dealing safely with human waste. They must be perfectly clean. Safe disposal of human waste is a fundamental need. Respiratory viruses spread through the air.

Good home hygiene means regular hygiene procedures to break the chain of infection i.e. to eliminate germs before they can spread further. Infection can result from direct transfer from surfaces through hands or food to the mouth. Hygienic cleaning can be done by cleaning with soap or detergent. To be effective this process must be followed by thorough rinsing under running water. Hand hygiene is central to preventing spread of infectious diseases in home and everyday life settings.

Respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene when coughing and sneezing reduces the spread of germs particularly during the cold and flu season. It is very important to use tissues to catch coughs and sneezes and through them away as soon as possible and wash hands or use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser.

Food hygiene helps to avoid food poisoning. It is necessary to separate raw and cooked foods; cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate temperature; store food at the proper temperature; use safe water. Drinking water quality is very important. There are different methods to protect drinking water, such as boiling, using filters and many others.

b. Read the text again and fill in the table on page 95.

c. Talk to your partner and discuss what you regularly do to maintain hygiene.

3. b. Прочитайте текст еще раз и заполните таблицу.

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