Номер 3, страница 163, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

3. a. Read the following passage. What is education? How did it start in Ancient Greece?

Education, in its broadest sense, is about the ways in which people gain skills and gain knowledge and understanding about the world, and about themselves. Western formal education today is based on the Greek model.

Athens made the greatest educational advances. There, citizens were judged more by the quality of their minds. Boys started their education about the age of 6. But they didn’t go to schools as we think of schools today. The trusted family slave took them from teacher to teacher. They studied reading, writing, arithmetic, music, dancing, and gymnastics. From about ages 16 to 20, the boys attended a government-sponsored gymnasium. Gymnasiums trained young men to become citizens – soldiers. They emphasised such sports as running and wrestling and taught the art of war.

Originally, the word “gymnasium” described an exercise ground. Between the hours devoted to physical exercises and sports teachers gathered there and gave instruction, and thus the term became associated with and came to mean an institution of learning. Students held discussions in order to improve their reasoning and speaking ability. The latter meaning of a place of intellectual education continued to exist in German and other languages, whereas in English the meaning of a place for physical education was kept, more familiarly in the shortened form “gym”. Present time gymnasia prepare pupils to enter a university for advanced academic study.

By the 400’s BC the advanced education in Athens consisted of philosophy and rhetoric. Philosophy included the study of logic, morals, and science. Rhetoric included the study of government, history, and public speaking.

During the 400’s and 300’s BC, Athens produced such great philosophers and educators as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

b. Work in pairs. Match the words in bold to the following definitions:

a) to obtain, achieve, or win something you want or need (for example experience);

b) to make something better than before, or to become better;

c) a change, discovery, or invention that brings progress (for example in medical science);

d) in Ancient Greece a place for both physical and intellectual education of young men;

e) to give special importance to something;

f) a process of thinking carefully about something in order to form a logical opinion;

g) having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc.; (about a course of study) at a high or difficult level;

h) to be formed from two or more things or people;

i) the process of teaching and learning, usually at school, college, or university.

c. Match the beginnings and the endings of the questions.

d. In pairs, ask and answer the questions.

b. Работа в парах. Сопоставьте слова, выделенные жирным шрифтом, со следующими определениями:

c. Сопоставьте начало и конец вопросов.

Ответ:

b.

c.

1. e) What does your school programme consist of?

2. g) What is the difference between an ancient gymnasium and the present-day gymnasia?

3. d) What skills would you like to gain at school?

4. h) What skills can you help your friend to learn?

5. c) What subjects do gymnasia emphasise now?

6. b) What do you do to improve your English skills?

7. a) What countries are famous for their great educational advances?

8. f) Which school subjects develop reasoning?

Перевод:

b.

c.

1. e) Из чего состоит ваша школьная программа?

2. g) В чем разница между древним гимнасием и современными гимназиями?

3. d) Какие навыки вы хотели бы приобрести в школе?

4. h) Каким навыкам вы можете помочь научиться своему другу?

5. c) На каких предметах сейчас делают акцент в гимназиях?

6. b) Что вы делаете, чтобы улучшить свои навыки английского языка?

7. a) Какие страны славятся своими великими достижениями в области образования?

8. f) Какие школьные предметы развивают логическое мышление?