Номер 3, страница 158, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

3. a. Read what some people discovered about Americans after they arrived in the USA. Which of the facts surprised you?

The United States is the most diverse country in the world. A very small number of Americans come from families which are "American only" – those who identify as Native American or American Indian. People from all over the world have immigrated to the United States. Therefore, it is very difficult to define a typical American, as there is no such thing.

melting pot

Diversity and individualism

Americans like to think of themselves as “diverse” and “multicultural,” as a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl” of immigrants and nationalities. The most common type of American is perhaps the American who doesn’t want to be a “type” at all. Americans are extremely independent, individualistic, and like to be different from each other.

Patriotism. Most Americans take pride in their country and consider themselves as patriots. The flag is everywhere. Literally. I came to know students are supposed to pledge allegiance¹ to their flag since Kindergarten!

Personal space and privacy. Americans need a lot of “elbow room”; they like personal space around them. They value their privacy a lot. Don’t just show up at someone’s house without first calling and making an appointment. Even if someone says “come over at any time,” don’t take it literally. If a person wants you to visit their home, they will call you first and specify the date and time.

Discipline. Most Americans are impatient yet disciplined. No one likes to wait in line and they are easily frustrated. Yet most Americans wait in a line patiently without pushing people or trying to jump ahead.

Conversation. In conversation, you should give continuous feedback to the other person, or at least nod continuously. In absence of that, the other person might think you aren’t really interested or you’re confused. When you meet Americans, be sure to look them in the eyes, smile, and shake hands.

Politeness. Amazingly friendly, hospitable and helpful people. If you happen to bump into someone or vice versa, you will promptly hear an “excuse me.” Most people who are just passing by will smile at you and / or say hello. This is formality, and shouldn’t be taken seriously. The question “How are you?”, along with a smile, is simply a polite greeting and is not a question about your health. Every cashier will greet you with “How are you today? You find everything okay?” with a smile.

Amazing presentation skills. A 7-year-old kid from the US would beat any European in a sales pitch. I find the average American amazing in presenting themselves, doing sales, explaining how things work, etc. I’m jealous.

Children. American parents speak to their children as adults and teach them how to be responsible for their actions. Children are expected to leave home when they are 18. Students prefer to live in a dorm and not with parents. Many children, even in well-to-do families, work in fast food, car washes, and do a lot of other things to get money and it is not an embarrassment.

School. Students are expected to ask questions. Never use a cell phone in class. It is normal for an American teacher to sit on the desk. Always call your teacher by his or her name. Do your own work. Either copying from a book, a friend, or using the Internet materials is called plagiarism. Cheating is serious, and the punishment is strong.

Healthy lifestyle. The majority of Americans are fans of various sports. In fact, the most popular sports in the US are played within its borders. For example, an Atlanta team plays a New York team. A US team doesn’t typically play an Australian team. In downtown Toronto where I live (I believe this still counts for North America) everyone runs; or rides a bike; or skates; or does yoga in the park. I was surprised to find out how many marathons take place during summer and how serious many people are about them. $100 is an enrolment fee (usually goes to charity). They train themselves all year long.

Eating habits. I have two friends in the USA who think that the food they eat is quite healthy. When I visited them, I discovered that their fridge was full of processed, canned or packaged food. As neither the wife nor the husband likes to cook, they buy everything packaged and prepared. Usually, when friends meet at a restaurant, they each pay their share of the bill or split the bill in half. It’s called going Dutch. A typical food portion in America is enormous. I can easily share one meal with another guy and do not feel hungry for hours to come.

Dress. Most people wear casual dress. They are not fond of an overabundance of jewellery, and gold jewellery is rarely seen. No one really cares what others are wearing. Under-dressing in cold weather is shocking. Shoes (flip-flops?) + a T-shirt + a cardigan + a scarf (+ runny nose) = winter city outfit often seen in subway and public places when it is REALLY cold outside.

Slang. People really do say OMG! NO WAY!! a lot (in California that is) and other slang you hear on TV. I thought that was simply TV stuff.

Timing. Time is money. Never be late to classes, employment interviews, appointments, parties (especially your wedding!), etc.

Hygiene. Americans are really careful about not bothering anyone else with their body odour or bad breath. Most Americans take at least one bath or shower each day.

Waste. I was shocked at the amount of stuff people wasted every single day. Food, electricity, water, paper...

Some facts

• The number of American smokers has fallen to 13% in 2020;

• 90% of Americans believe that they eat healthy food;

• Two thirds of Americans are overweight; one third of those are obese;

• In the USA, 40% of food is thrown away every year.

b. Study the underlined parts of sentences and work out the rule: When do we use a singular verb and a plural verb? Go to the Grammar Reference section (208 / 235) and check your ideas.

c. Read some more information about Americans and open the brackets.

Americans are great pet lovers. The majority of the population now (1. consider) their pet to be a member of the family. The number of pet owners in the United States (2. increase) every year. 68 per cent of households (3. include) a pet, and $56 billion (4. spend) on their pets in 2020. Almost a third of the pet owners (5. say) their pets sleep in the bed with them. Women (6. be) slightly more likely to own a pet (64%) than men (58%). Women who (7. own) pets also put more time into caring for them. According to the survey, one in five (8. prefer) to spend time with their pets over most human beings and people who (9. live) in rural areas (10. be) more likely to prefer the company of animals to humans. Some 46% of all households (11. own) more than one pet. Cats slightly outnumber dogs, but either a cat or a dog (12. live) in at least one out of three homes. In addition to dogs and cats, the most popular pets (13. include) birds, reptiles, small animals and fish. In a recent survey, two thirds of respondents (14. treat) their pets as well as they treat their children! There (15. be) a great variety of pet food, along with pet care products. Holiday presents, designer outfits, and speciality shampoos (16. purchase) for their pets. Mouthwash and electric toothbrushes (17. use) in doggy beauty salons and a manicure complete with nail polish (18. offer) for birds. Moreover, a large number of animal shelters (19. provide) temporary homes for stray, surrendered, or abandoned pet animals. The number of cats and dogs adopted from shelters (20. vary) from 3 to 4 million each year.

d. What do you think about Americans' passion for pets?

Прочитайте дополнительную информацию об американцах и раскройте скобки.

Ответ: Americans are great pet lovers. The majority of the population now (1) consider their pet to be a member of the family. The number of pet owners in the United States (2) increases every year. 68 per cent of households (3) include a pet, and $56 billion (4) was spent on their pets in 2020. Almost a third of the pet owners (5) say their pets sleep in the bed with them. Women (6) are slightly more likely to own a pet (64%) than men (58%). Women who (7) own pets also put more time into caring for them. According to the survey, one in five (8) prefer to spend time with their pets over most human beings and people who (9) live in rural areas (10) are more likely to prefer the company of animals to humans. Some 46% of all households (11) own more than one pet. Cats slightly outnumber dogs, but either a cat or a dog (12) lives in at least one out of three homes. In addition to dogs and cats, the most popular pets (13) include birds, reptiles, small animals and fish. In a recent survey, two thirds of respondents (14) treat their pets as well as they treat their children! There (15) is a great variety of pet food, along with pet care products. Holiday presents, designer outfits, and speciality shampoos (16) are purchased for their pets. Mouthwash and electric toothbrushes (17) are used in doggy beauty salons and a manicure complete with nail polish (18) is offered for birds. Moreover, a large number of animal shelters (19) provide temporary homes for stray, surrendered, or abandoned pet animals. The number of cats and dogs adopted from shelters (20) varies from 3 to 4 million each year.

Перевод: Американцы — большие любители домашних животных. Большинство населения сейчас (1) считает своего питомца членом семьи. Число владельцев домашних животных в Соединенных Штатах (2) увеличивается с каждым годом. 68 процентов домохозяйств (3) имеют домашнее животное, и 56 миллиардов долларов (4) было потрачено на их питомцев в 2020 году. Почти треть владельцев домашних животных (5) говорят, что их питомцы спят с ними в одной кровати. Женщины (6) немного чаще заводят домашних животных (64%), чем мужчины (58%). Женщины, которые (7) владеют домашними животными, также тратят больше времени на уход за ними. Согласно опросу, каждый пятый (8) предпочитает проводить время со своими питомцами, а не с большинством людей, а люди, которые (9) живут в сельской местности, (10) с большей вероятностью предпочтут компанию животных компании людей. Около 46% всех домохозяйств (11) имеют более одного питомца. Кошек немного больше, чем собак, но либо кошка, либо собака (12) живет как минимум в одном из трех домов. Помимо кошек и собак, к самым популярным домашним животным (13) относятся птицы, рептилии, мелкие животные и рыбы. В недавнем опросе две трети респондентов (14) обращаются со своими питомцами так же, как со своими детьми! Существует (15) огромное разнообразие кормов для домашних животных, а также средств по уходу за ними. Для питомцев (16) покупаются праздничные подарки, дизайнерская одежда и специальные шампуни. Ополаскиватель для рта и электрические зубные щетки (17) используются в салонах красоты для собак, а для птиц (18) предлагается маникюр с лаком для ногтей. Более того, большое количество приютов для животных (19) предоставляют временные дома для бездомных, отданных или брошенных животных. Количество кошек и собак, забираемых из приютов, (20) варьируется от 3 до 4 миллионов каждый год.