Номер 2, страница 52, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Демченко, Севрюкова

2. a. Read the text about an old Belarusian custom (обычае / звычаі). Did people receive guests in the same way in different parts of Belarus? Why did they study animal behaviour?

In the past, people called an unexpected caller the most welcome visitor, as they believed God had sent him to their place. They also thought that God would punish the host who closed the door for a person in need. Hospitable Belarusians welcomed not only their relatives and neighbours but also strangers. There were different customs of receiving guests in different parts of Belarus but politeness and hospitality were common to all. A visitor was always invited to have a meal together with the hosts. After the meal, the hostess made a straw bed for the traveller and the host generously fed his horse with oat. They were sure that if they themselves got into such a situation, other people would treat them in the same way. Guests usually shared the latest news they had heard while travelling. In the past, people studied animals’ behaviour to know whether they should expect a visitor: a cat washing itself, a barking dog, a spider climbing down its web and a rooster singing on the gates were all signs of the arrival of a visitor.

b. 🔎 Read the sentences with highlighted verbs and answer the questions.

• What are the tense forms of the verbs in the main clause?

• What are the tense forms of the verbs in the subordinate clause?

• Are there any Present or Future Tenses?

• Complete the rule:

Present ♦ Past ♦ Future

🔎 If the verb in the main clause has one of the (1. ...) tense forms, the verb in the subordinate clause must have one of the (2. ...) tense forms, too. It doesn’t usually have any (3. ...) or (4. ...) tense form. When we tell a story that happened in the past, we shift tenses:

Present Simple → Past Simple

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

Past Simple → Past Perfect

Future Simple → Future-in-the-Past

c. Complete the sentences.

1. People think it is a good sign. → People thought it ... a good sign.

2. He believes God has punished him. → He believed God ... him.

3. I don’t think there will be a disaster. → I didn’t think there ... a disaster.

4. I’m sure I saw a spider. → I was sure I ... a spider.

5. Look! The blacksmith is making a horseshoe. → When we came in, the blacksmith ... a horseshoe.

2. a. Прочитайте текст о старинном белорусском обычае (обычае / звычаі). Принимали ли люди гостей одинаково в разных частях Беларуси? Почему они изучали поведение животных?

b. Прочитайте предложения с выделенными глаголами и ответьте на вопросы.

• Каковы временные формы глаголов в главном предложении?
• Каковы временные формы глаголов в придаточном предложении?
• Есть ли там глаголы в настоящем или будущем времени?
• Завершите правило:

c. Дополните предложения.

Ответ:

2. a. No, people did not receive guests in the same way in different parts of Belarus, as there were different customs, but politeness and hospitality were common to all. They studied animal behaviour to know whether they should expect a visitor.

b.

• The tense forms of the verbs in the main clause are Past Simple.
• The tense forms of the verbs in the subordinate clause are Past Perfect, Future-in-the-Past, and Past Simple.
• No, there are no Present or Future Tenses.
• Complete the rule:

  Present ♦ Past ♦ Future

  If the verb in the main clause has one of the (1. Past) tense forms, the verb in the subordinate clause must have one of the (2. Past) tense forms, too. It doesn't usually have any (3. Present) or (4. Future) tense form. When we tell a story that happened in the past, we shift tenses: Present Simple → Past Simple Present Continuous → Past Continuous Present Perfect → Past Perfect Past Simple → Past Perfect Future Simple → Future-in-the-Past

c.

1. People thought it was a good sign.

2. He believed God had punished him.

3. I didn't think there would be a disaster.

4. I was sure I had seen a spider.

5. When we came in, the blacksmith was making a horseshoe.

Перевод:

2. a. Нет, люди не принимали гостей одинаково в разных частях Беларуси, так как существовали разные обычаи, но вежливость и гостеприимство были общими для всех. Они изучали поведение животных, чтобы знать, следует ли им ожидать гостя.

b.

• Временные формы глаголов в главном предложении — Past Simple (Простое прошедшее время).
• Временные формы глаголов в придаточном предложении — Past Perfect (Прошедшее совершённое время), Future-in-the-Past (Будущее в прошедшем) и Past Simple (Простое прошедшее время).
• Нет, там нет глаголов в настоящем или будущем времени.
• Завершите правило:

  Настоящее ♦ Прошедшее ♦ Будущее

  Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в одной из (1. прошедших) временных форм, то глагол в придаточном предложении также должен стоять в одной из (2. прошедших) временных форм. Обычно он не имеет (3. настоящей) или (4. будущей) временной формы. Когда мы рассказываем историю, которая произошла в прошлом, мы смещаем времена: Present Simple → Past Simple Present Continuous → Past Continuous Present Perfect → Past Perfect Past Simple → Past Perfect Future Simple → Future-in-the-Past

c.

1. Люди думали, что это был хороший знак.

2. Он верил, что Бог наказал его.

3. Я не думал, что случится катастрофа.

4. Я был уверен, что видел паука.

5. Когда мы вошли, кузнец ковал подкову.