Номер 2, страница 48, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

2. a. Read about the economy of Belarus and compare with your answers in ex. 1.

Any reasonable and maybe ambitious goal of any country is to make the well-being of its people a number one priority. The well-being of people depends on the economic development of a country. A high-level development of a country’s economy makes it possible to offer decent wages to its employees and to ensure a high standard of living, medical care, education, and social protection for those who need it. Social protection refers to childcare, the retirement age, and decent pensions for retirees and persons with disabilities. It is also about payments to orphaned children and children deprived of parental care. To provide social care, governments consider measures for reducing / cutting down the number of low-income families and providing conditions which make a high standard of living possible for most of the country’s population. This, in its turn, means creating additional jobs in modern enterprises and developing new spheres of the economy based on current trends in the development of science and technology.

Belarus follows the concept of a socially oriented market economy. The economy of Belarus has a wide structure, including manufacturing industries, services sector, and agriculture.

The most developed industries of the country include:

engineering: producing vehicles, agricultural machinery, machine tools, electrical equipment, optics, household appliances;

electronics – the produce of the industry is used in such economic sectors as agriculture, construction, energy industry, and transport;

light industries: producing fibres and yarn; linen, decorative, heat-resistant, synthetic, and other fabrics; sewing bed clothes, underwear, and clothes; making stockings, tights, and socks;

food industries play an important role in the country’s food security and exports. The country produces chocolate, confectionary, baby food, preserves, meat, sugar, juices, vegetable oil, poultry, eggs; dairy products – milk, cheese, butter;

woodworking: furniture, pulp, and paper;

petrochemical [,petrəʊˈkemɪkl]: chemical products, coke (кокс / кокс), petroleum derivatives, plastic, and rubber products;

pharmaceutical [,fɑ:mə's(j)u:tɪkl]: output of medications;

agriculture: grain, potatoes, sugar beet, vegetables, flax, dairy products, meat, eggs;

construction: civil and industrial construction, including housing and roads, factories and plants, sporting facilities and social infrastructure – hospitals, medical centres, schools, kindergartens, etc.;

energy industry is aimed at providing energy security and satisfaction of the country’s demand for industrial and households energy supply. It generates electricity, provides fuel and gas supplies.

Belarus has a wide range of services. Some of them are exported.

Export is another important characteristic of any economy. It is understandable that there is not a single country in the world which produces everything for its citizens. Nevertheless, the share of export should be higher than that of import.

The most important characteristic of an economy is GDP (Gross Domestic Product). GDP is the monetary value of goods and services – all the output – produced in a country and sold to the final user. Other measurements of an economy are GDP per capita and GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita shows a country’s GDP divided by the number of its population.

PPP is a metric which shows a more accurate picture of people’s income and cost of living in a country through a “basket of goods” rather than through currency exchange rates.

b. Look through the text again and explain the meaning of your active vocabulary.

c. Answer the question below in pairs, and then compare with your class.

What new information about the economic development of our country have you learnt from the text in ex. 2a?

2. c. Какую новую информацию об экономическом развитии нашей страны вы узнали из текста в упр. 2а?

Ответ: From the text, I've learned that Belarus follows the concept of a socially oriented market economy with a wide structure that includes manufacturing industries, a services sector, and agriculture. The most developed industries are: engineering, electronics, light industries, food industries, woodworking, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, agriculture, construction, and the energy industry. The text also highlights that export is an important characteristic of the economy and mentions key economic indicators like GDP and PPP.

Перевод: Из текста я узнал, что Беларусь следует концепции социально-ориентированной рыночной экономики с широкой структурой, которая включает в себя обрабатывающую промышленность, сектор услуг и сельское хозяйство. Наиболее развитыми отраслями являются: машиностроение, электроника, легкая промышленность, пищевая промышленность, деревообработка, нефтехимия, фармацевтика, сельское хозяйство, строительство и энергетика. В тексте также подчеркивается, что экспорт является важной характеристикой экономики, и упоминаются ключевые экономические показатели, такие как ВВП и ППС.