Номер 2, страница 103, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

2. a. Read the article Sustainable solutions and give four reasons that explain why sustainability receives much attention.

Currently (at the moment), environmental sustainability [səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti] is a topic that receives plenty of attention from the media and is considered at different governmental departments. This is the result of the changing demographic [,deməˈgræfɪk] situation and the amount of research of the impact that human activity has on the environment.

In 1820 there were around one billion people in the entire world. Today, that is less than the population of China alone. The world’s population has rapidly [ˈræpɪdli] (quickly) increased in the last 50 years, reaching 7.75 billion people in the world today. The current rate at which humans consume resources and produce waste is unsustainable [ˌʌnsəˈsteɪnəb(ə)l]. It means people are damaging the environment, because they are using more wood and other resources than can be replaced naturally.

Human activities cause damage to all areas of the environment. Some of the common environmental problems include:

• damaging rainforests and woodlands through logging (вырубка) and agricultural clearing;

• polluting and over-fishing of oceans, rivers, and lakes;

• polluting the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels;

• damaging agricultural and cultivated land through the use of herbicides and pesticides and unsustainable farming practices.

Sustainable development means that generations in the future will have the same access to the resources of the Earth as people do today. Sustainable development is possible if people reduce the negative impact of their activities on the environment, thus achieving environmental and ecological sustainability – an ability of ecosystems to keep their essential functions and processes, and their full biodiversity over the long-term.

One of the burning environmental issues today is to stop or slow down global warming through reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels releases approximately (about) 6 giga (billion) tonnes of carbon dioxide a year. Using renewable [rɪˈnjuːəb(ə)l] energy seems to be a sustainable solution to this environmental and ecological problem.

Generating energy from renewable sources on a widespread scale will become one of the major (main) technological, economic and political changes for many countries during the first half-century of the new millennium. Present-day production of energy occurs in large power stations fired by fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). New energy production is likely to happen in small production units, located over large areas. Renewable energy is currently obtained on a very small scale, from the sun, wind, waves, tides (приливы / прылівы), rivers, geothermal [,dʒiːoʊˈθɜːm(ə)l] sources [ˈsɔːsɪz] and biomass [ˈbaɪoʊˌmæs]. Nuclear power is seen by some as an “alternative” source of renewable energy because known reserves of nuclear fuel could last for another 1,000 years.

b. Reread the sentences with the words in bold. Guess their meaning. Give a detailed explanation of sustainability. Work in pairs, and then check with the class.

c. Decipher the words to check your answers in ex. 2a.

1. rwognig oiplatonup; 2. adamgnig het invetronnem; 3. loblga amgwinr; 4. enwarebel usrecso fo ynereg.

d. You are a Member of Parliament, belonging to the Green Party. Prove that sustainable development is absolutely necessary, giving more facts about polluting the environment, damaging ecology and global warming (use the materials of Lessons 1–4). Work in groups.

2. a. Прочитайте статью «Устойчивые решения» и назовите четыре причины, объясняющие, почему устойчивому развитию уделяется так много внимания.

Ответ:

Four reasons that explain why sustainability receives much attention are:

1. The changing demographic situation, specifically the rapid increase in the world's population, which has reached 7.75 billion people.

2. The current rate at which humans consume resources and produce waste is unsustainable, meaning people are using more resources than can be replaced naturally.

3. Human activities cause significant damage to the environment, such as damaging rainforests, polluting oceans and the atmosphere, and damaging agricultural land.

4. The urgent issue of global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels, which releases large amounts of greenhouse gases.

Перевод:

Четыре причины, объясняющие, почему устойчивому развитию уделяется много внимания:

1. Изменение демографической ситуации, в частности быстрый рост мирового населения, которое достигло 7,75 миллиарда человек.

2. Текущие темпы потребления ресурсов и производства отходов человечеством не являются устойчивыми, что означает, что люди используют больше ресурсов, чем может быть восполнено естественным путем.

3. Деятельность человека наносит значительный ущерб окружающей среде, такой как уничтожение тропических лесов, загрязнение океанов и атмосферы, а также порча сельскохозяйственных земель.

4. Острая проблема глобального потепления, вызванная сжиганием ископаемого топлива, которое приводит к выбросу большого количества парниковых газов.