Номер 3, страница 126, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

3. a. Listen and follow in the text about the ways animals communicate. Match the animals with the photos.

Animals also communicate

We all know that cats meow, dogs bark, and cows moo. However, we don't need Old MacDonald to tell us that animal communication is much more complex than that.

White rhinos use dung heaps as some 'bulletin board' to leave messages – to inform the rest of the herd that one rhino is sick and another is friendly.

Sperm whales use clicking sounds to convey messages to one another. These sounds vary from one area of the ocean to another, just like regional dialects. There exist variations of the clicks between different clans or individual whales, too.

There is a particular species of electric fish that is able to use its voltage as a means of communicating. Known as "weakly electric fish," these creatures produce a mild electric discharge. When a male and a female fish meet, their levels of voltage become the same.

African elephants make very low sounds to one another. They are so low that humans do not hear them as sounds, but as a rumbling vibration. Known as "infrasound", this way of communicating may seem quiet to humans, but one African elephant can hear another elephant making an infrasound more than 175 miles (=282 km) away!

Ravens have sign language. They demonstrate or give each other little things such as a piece of moss, a stone, or a twig, and they usually do it to impress the opposite sex. They also interact by moving something together, as a show of potential relationship.

Bats are known to use high-pitched squeals to connect and communicate with each other. Researchers now can recognise bats' intonations and the messages they are trying to convey. Scientists have managed to 'translate' 15,000 calls into several specific messages. Egyptian bats, for example, argue, and more than 60 percent of their arguments are about very specific things: food, sleep positions or invasion of personal space.

Silverback gorillas hum or sing while feeding on their favourite vegetation. It's not just a way to indicate that they are enjoying their meal, but a way to convey that they would prefer not to be bothered. When these apes go quiet, that's a sign they want to chat.

Prairie dogs are famous for their complex underground tunnel systems, but they also have complex ways of calling to one another, using different intonations (a "chee"-like sound) depending on the type of predator-coyote, hawk, human-nearby. They were found to identify the difference between a person wearing a blue shirt from one in a yellow shirt!

European bison are large creatures, but they speak softly, letting their feet do the talking. They decide which way to go not through the guidance of a single leader, but through a complex process in which one of the members of the herd – male or female, young or old – would walk 20 or more steps in a particular direction without stopping to graze. If the others trust the decision, they follow along – and that leading animal becomes the herd's de facto leader. At least, for some time.

The Caribbean reef squid can change the colour of their skin to convey a variety of messages: to court a female or to warn others of a predator – even conveying one message to a squid on their left side and a different one to a squid on their right!

Chimps love to groom and to be groomed. Chimps like a backrub and they can show where they want to get scratched, using gestures. There are so many gestures chimps make that you can make up an entire Great Ape Dictionary. Chimps have amazing similarities with humans. For example, they signal to each other through extending their feet that they want to invite another (usually young) chimp to climb on them to travel.

b. Put the animal communication ways from the article into the following groups:

A. Auditory B. By touch C. Chemical

D. Visual E. Electrocommunication

3. а. Прослушайте и проследите по тексту о способах общения животных. Сопоставьте животных с фотографиями.

3. b. Распределите способы общения животных из статьи по следующим группам: A. Слуховая, B. Осязательная, C. Химическая, D. Зрительная, E. Электрокоммуникация.

Ответ:

3. a.

1 - Caribbean reef squid

2 - Raven

3 - European bison

4 - African elephant

5 - Sperm whale

6 - Bat

7 - Weakly electric fish

8 - Prairie dog

9 - White rhino

10 - Chimpanzee

11. - Silverback gorilla

3. b.

A. Auditory: Sperm whales, African elephants, bats, silverback gorillas, prairie dogs.

B. By touch: Chimps.

C. Chemical: White rhinos.

D. Visual: Ravens, European bison, Caribbean reef squid, chimps.

E. Electrocommunication: Weakly electric fish.

Перевод:

3. а.

1 - Карибский рифовый кальмар

2 - Ворон

3 - Европейский бизон

4 - Африканский слон

5 - Кашалот

6 - Летучая мышь

7 - Слабоэлектрическая рыба

8 - Луговая собачка

9 - Белый носорог

10 - Шимпанзе

11. - Горилла-самец

3. b.

A. Слуховая: Кашалоты, африканские слоны, летучие мыши, гориллы-самцы, луговые собачки.

B. Осязательная: Шимпанзе.

C. Химическая: Белые носороги.

D. Зрительная: Вороны, европейские бизоны, карибские рифовые кальмары, шимпанзе.

E. Электрокоммуникация: Слабоэлектрические рыбы.