I. Reading, страница 80, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Демченко, Севрюкова

I. READING

1. Read the article and match the headings to the paragraphs. One heading is extra.

What is processed food?

1. People have been processing food for thousands of years. Before the invention of fridges and freezers, people had to collect food in summer and store it for the winter. They found out that they could preserve (сохранять / захоўваць) food like meat and fish by salting and spicing, and then drying it. Hundreds of years ago explorers like Columbus and Da Gama had to pack food for their people to last a very long time during their expeditions. They had to take as much preserved food and drink as they could.

2. The transportation of fresh food is quite difficult. Processed food is easier to transport. Delicate products like grapes, strawberries, and peaches can be transported much more easily when they are preserved than if they were fresh. The processing also helps the fruit and vegetables to last longer.

The Emperor of France, Napoleon Bonaparte, held a competition in France in 1795 to develop ways to preserve foods for France’s armies! This led to the invention of canning.

3. Processed food is very popular nowadays. It includes food that has been cooked, canned, frozen, or packaged. However, processed food is more than boxed macaroni and cheese, potato chips, and drive-through hamburgers. It may be a surprise to learn that whole-wheat bread, homemade soup, or a chopped apple are also processed foods. Examples of common processed foods include: breakfast cereals, cheese, tinned vegetables, bread, savoury snacks, such as crisps, sausage rolls, pies and pastry, meat products, such as bacon, sausage, ham, salami, and mince, “convenience foods”, such as microwave meals or ready meals, cakes and biscuits, drinks, such as milk or soft drinks.

4. Any time we cook, bake, or prepare food, we’re processing it. Processed food ranges from minimally to heavily processed:

• Minimally processed foods – such as bagged lettuce, cut vegetables, and roasted nuts – often are simply pre-prepared for convenience of busy people.

• Canned (packed in water or its own juice) and frozen fruit and vegetables, and canned tuna are a good option when fresh food is not available. They are quite nutritious.

• The most heavily processed foods often are pre-made meals including frozen pizza and microwaveable dinners.

5. Not all processed food is a bad choice. Some foods need processing to make them safe, such as milk, which needs to be pasteurised – heated to a temperature that kills dangerous bacteria. Eating processed food in moderation is fine, but many of these foods may be high in added sugar and sodium (натрий / натрый). Nutritionists claim that eating processed food can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. While some processed foods should be eaten less often, many actually have a place in a balanced diet. We need to learn to sort the nutritious from the not-so-nutritious food.

2. Answer the questions.

1. How did people preserve food in the past? 2. Why did Columbus take packed food on his expeditions? 3. Why do we need to process milk? 4. When do we need to process fresh fruits and vegetables? 5. How was canning invented? 6. When should you eat canned food? 7. What heavily processed foods do you eat? 8. Is homemade food processed food? 9. Should we cut down on eating processed food? 10. Can we cut it out of our diet?

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Как люди консервировали еду в прошлом? 2. Почему Колумб брал с собой упакованную еду в свои экспедиции? 3. Зачем нам нужно обрабатывать молоко? 4. Когда нам нужно обрабатывать свежие фрукты и овощи? 5. Как было изобретено консервирование? 6. Когда следует есть консервированную еду? 7. Какие продукты глубокой переработки вы едите? 8. Является ли домашняя еда обработанной едой? 9. Следует ли нам сократить потребление обработанной еды? 10. Можем ли мы исключить ее из нашего рациона?

Ответ:

1. People preserved food by salting, spicing, and then drying it.

2. He took packed food on his expeditions because it needed to last for a very long time.

3. We need to process milk to pasteurise it, which kills dangerous bacteria and makes it safe.

4. We need to process fresh fruits and vegetables to make them easier to transport and to help them last longer.

5. Canning was invented as a result of a competition held by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1795 to find ways to preserve food for his armies.

6. You should eat canned food when fresh food is not available.

7. Examples of heavily processed foods from the text are frozen pizza and microwaveable dinners.

8. Yes, homemade food is processed food. Any time we cook, bake, or prepare food, we are processing it.

9. We should cut down on eating some processed foods, especially heavily processed ones, but many have a place in a balanced diet.

10. It is nearly impossible to cut it completely out of our diet, as even cooking or chopping is a form of processing. However, we can cut down on or cut out heavily processed foods.

Перевод:

1. Люди консервировали еду путем засолки, добавления специй, а затем сушки.

2. Он брал с собой упакованную еду в экспедиции, потому что она должна была храниться очень долго.

3. Нам нужно обрабатывать молоко, чтобы пастеризовать его, что убивает опасные бактерии и делает его безопасным.

4. Нам нужно обрабатывать свежие фрукты и овощи, чтобы их было легче транспортировать и чтобы они дольше хранились.

5. Консервирование было изобретено в результате конкурса, проведенного Наполеоном Бонапартом в 1795 году с целью найти способы консервирования продуктов для его армий.

6. Консервированную еду следует есть, когда свежие продукты недоступны.

7. Примерами продуктов глубокой переработки из текста являются замороженная пицца и ужины для микроволновой печи.

8. Да, домашняя еда — это обработанная еда. Каждый раз, когда мы готовим, выпекаем или подготавливаем еду, мы ее обрабатываем.

9. Нам следует сократить потребление некоторых обработанных продуктов, особенно продуктов глубокой переработки, но многие из них имеют место в сбалансированном рационе.

10. Почти невозможно полностью исключить ее из нашего рациона, поскольку даже приготовление пищи или нарезка являются формой обработки. Однако мы можем сократить или исключить продукты глубокой переработки.