Номер 2, страница 96, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

Look through the text about climate change and in 30 seconds name the major trend in climate change.

2. a. Look through the text about climate change and in 30 seconds name the major trend in climate change.

1. Climate change is a long-term shift (долгосрочное смещение / доўгатэрміновае зрушэнне) in weather statistics, including its averages. It’s obvious that the global climate is currently changing.

2. Climate data released in January 1995 shows that the Earth is getting warmer. This trend, called global warming, first gained (got) international attention in the late 1980s. For much of that decade (ten years), the Earth’s temperature was warmer than average. By 1990, the global average temperature had reached 15.4 degrees Celsius. This was the highest temperature recorded since 1880, the year in which climate records were first kept.

The end of the 20^th century and the beginning of the 21^st century proved the warming trend was gaining strength. Most of the hottest years globally occurred in the 21^st century, with the six hottest years in the second decade of this millennium. The most recent data about 2020 shows it was the hottest year ever and the average surface temperature across land and ocean was warmer than the twentieth-century average of 13.9 °C and 1.19 °C higher than in the pre-industrial time (1880–1900)¹.

10 HOTTEST YEARS ON RECORD GLOBALLY

Last 5 = Hottest 5

+1.25°C ^(2.25°F)

+1.0°C

2009 2005 2013 2010 2014 2018 2017 2015 2019 2016

Global average temperatures increase compared with 1880–pre-industrial age, calculated by NASA¹ and NOAA²

3. Climate change is a normal phenomenon, which is related to interactions (interplay) among the atmosphere, ocean, and land, as well as changes in the amount of solar (солнечнай / сонечнай) radiation reaching the Earth. Although climatologists agree that a warming trend is under way, not all of them agree on its causes. Some scientists believe the warmer temperature is a natural change in Earth’s climate, while others relate the rising temperatures to air pollution, caused by human activities and leading to the greenhouse effect.

4. The gases, making up the air, allow sunlight to go through the atmosphere and reach the Earth. Some of the sunlight is reflected into space and some of it warms the Earth, which is necessary for life. But every year more and more solar energy is prevented from escaping into space as it is trapped by greenhouse gases. Gases such as methane [mɪ:θeɪm] and carbon dioxide cover the Earth like a blanket, creating the greenhouse effect. As the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, so does the problem of global warming.

5. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and natural gas, adds CO₂ to the atmosphere. Between the years 1870 and 1970, 400 billion tons of carbon dioxide were released into the atmosphere. By 1989, another 400 billion tons had been thrown into the air. Every day, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grows by approximately 60 million tons. Deforestation also adds to global warming. Every second, a rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed. This increases the greenhouse effect in two ways. Firstly, plants, trees and vegetation consume carbon dioxide in much the same way as humans consume oxygen. Therefore, as rainforests disappear, there is less vegetation to absorb the carbon dioxide produced on the Earth. Secondly, most of the forests are burnt, so the fires release large amounts of carbon dioxide.

6. The average temperature of the Earth is rising, but that’s not the only way we can tell the climate is changing. In fact, the signs are all around us! Ice caps at both poles are thinning and melting, causing sea levels to rise. Extreme weather conditions, such as floods, landslides, hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves are becoming more common and threatening many lives.

b. Read the text and match questions a–f with parts 1–6 of the text. Read one sentence from each part to prove your choice. Check with the class.

a) What are the opinions about the causes of climate change?

b) How is the climate changing? c) What is climat change?

d) What are the consequences of global warming? e) What are the causes of the greenhouse effect? f) What is the greenhouse effect?

c. Reread the text and answer the questions of ex. 2b. Discuss the answers in pairs.

2. c. Перечитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы из упр. 2b.

a) Каковы мнения о причинах изменения климата?

Ответ: Some scientists believe the warmer temperature is a natural change in Earth’s climate, while others relate the rising temperatures to air pollution caused by human activities.

Перевод: Некоторые ученые считают, что потепление является естественным изменением климата Земли, в то время как другие связывают повышение температуры с загрязнением воздуха, вызванным деятельностью человека.

b) Как меняется климат?

Ответ: The Earth is getting warmer. The average surface temperature is rising and is higher than in the pre-industrial time.

Перевод: Земля становится теплее. Средняя температура поверхности повышается и сейчас выше, чем в доиндустриальную эпоху.

c) Что такое изменение климата?

Ответ: Climate change is a long-term shift in weather statistics, including its averages.

Перевод: Изменение климата — это долгосрочное смещение в статистике погоды, включая её средние значения.

d) Каковы последствия глобального потепления?

Ответ: The consequences are thinning and melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and more common and threatening extreme weather conditions, such as floods, landslides, hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves.

Перевод: Последствиями являются истончение и таяние ледяных шапок, повышение уровня моря, а также более частые и опасные экстремальные погодные условия, такие как наводнения, оползни, ураганы, засухи и волны жары.

e) Каковы причины парникового эффекта?

Ответ: The causes are an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is related to burning fossil fuels (like oil, coal and natural gas) and deforestation.

Перевод: Причинами являются увеличение количества парниковых газов в атмосфере, что связано со сжиганием ископаемого топлива (такого как нефть, уголь и природный газ) и вырубкой лесов.

f) Что такое парниковый эффект?

Ответ: It is a process where solar energy is trapped by greenhouse gases (such as methane and carbon dioxide) that cover the Earth like a blanket, preventing the energy from escaping into space and thus warming the planet.

Перевод: Это процесс, при котором солнечная энергия задерживается парниковыми газами (такими как метан и углекислый газ), которые покрывают Землю, как одеяло, не давая энергии уйти в космос и тем самым нагревая планету.